ࡱ> #` bjbj\.\. 7>D>D%  ,,,84-|-L cu.."@.@.@./>Y/m/ ttttttt$whkyu 7//77u @.@.u<<<7 @. @.t<7t<<R\ ^@.- p~,8H\t3u0cu]y:y<^y ^y/n1<3d5y/y/y/uu;dy/y/y/cu7777 x x  WESTERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY Regular Meeting of the FACULTY SENATE Tuesday, 31 October 2006 4:00 p.m. Capitol Rooms - University Union A C T I O N M I N U T E S SENATORS PRESENT: D. Adkins, M. Allen, L. Baker-Sperry, S. Bennett, V. Boynton, L. Brice, K. Clontz, K. Daytner, D. DeVolder, K. Hall, R. Hironimus-Wendt, V. Jelatis, J. Livingston-Webber, N. Miczo, R. Ness, R. Orwig, G. Pettit, S. Rock, A. Shouse, B. Sonnek, J. Wolf Ex-officio: J. Rallo, Provost; D. Hample, Parliamentarian SENATORS ABSENT: L. Meloy GUESTS: Barb Baily, Bradley Dilger, Andrew Lian, Marty Maskarinec, John Miller, Kathy Neumann, Nancy Parsons, Polly Radosh, Joe Rives, Jake Schneider, Bill Thompson I. Consideration of Minutes 17 October 2006 APPROVED AS DISTRIBUTED II. Announcements A. Approvals from the Provost 1. Requests for New Courses a. BIOL 451, Ecological Techniques, 3 s.h. b. BIOL 452, Biological Applications of GIS, 3 s.h. c. BIOL 458, Plant-Animal Interactions, 3 s.h. d. BIOL 459, Biogeography, 3 s.h. e. BIOL 479, Tropical Ecology, 3 s.h. f. BOT 455, Fire/Disturbance Ecology, 3 s.h. 2. Requests for Changes in Majors a. Art b. Art Education B. Provosts Report Provost Rallo told senators that President Goldfarb underwent an operation at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota at 10:30 this morning. The Provost will take on the duties of the president in addition to his own until January 2. Provost Rallo reminded senators that November 2 is the last day to take the state-mandated online ethics training. He explained that on November 3, the window closes and the names of those who have not participated in the training are forwarded directly to the state ethics officer in Springfield. As of this morning, 584 faculty had not yet completed the test. In response to a question, the Provost said that a reminder has been sent to chairs and deans almost daily. The Provost announced that Farah Zolghadr, a double major in music instrumental performance and political science from Springfield, Illinois, has been selected as the Universitys Lincoln Laureate recipient. The award is presented annually to an outstanding senior from each of Illinoiss four-year institutions. The Provost was asked to explain the procedure for refilling an open Unit A position after a dean has decided not to fill it and has used the funds for other items. Provost Rallo explained that every Unit A faculty position has a line item and a dollar value associated with it. In past years, the line item number used to be eliminated when the position was vacated, but it now stays with the department and college indefinitely. He added that deans are free to make decisions on refilling positions and reallocation of dollars, and that it is easier to find the dollars to fill a vacant position than it is to find a line. C. SGA Report Jake Schneider reported that SGA last week allocated $550 for the Get Out the Vote drive, to include signs in residence halls and ads in the Western Courier with polling locations. SGA is still working to find an LSAT prep course. A faculty member in LEJA is working with the group on this effort, and SGA is developing a list of interested students. D. Other Announcements 1. Joe Rives, Assistant to the President for Budget and Planning Dr. Rives thanked senators for their continued dialogue and discussion on master planning, which he described as the balance between the alluring promise of what could be and the day-to-day fiscal challenges. Dr. Rives is pleased with the number of unique hits to the master planning website, two-thirds of which have been from faculty. He stated that the clunky files on the website have been repaired, and hopes that senators have found the master planning process to be transparent and inclusive since there has been a real effort to respond to Westerns collective voices. Dr. Rives stated that the University is now leaving the abstract and will focus on the Valleys plan, which was overwhelmingly preferred by respondents to the three Goody Clancy designs. The Valleys plan emphasizes Westerns topography and most fully utilizes current facilities with a limited number of new buildings. In response to a question, Dr. Rives stated that the Tower Road expansion on the design scenarios was a misconception on the part of Goody Clancy and has been removed from the plans. Dr. Rives pointed out that the recent $20 million institutional gift reaffirms that Western has the capacity and propensity to make the master plan a reality. He added that President Goldfarb has also asked him to examine ways to fund improvements for existing classrooms. Dr. Rives told senators he will travel to Boston in November to speak with Goody Clancy representatives and will tell them about the lactation and child care facilities resolutions recently approved by Senate. He stated that he would take the actual wording of the resolutions with him. The first draft of the master plan from Goody Clancy will be presented to the campus community for review and reaction with two days of open and drop-in sessions in December. Dr. Rives hopes that a final plan that could be endorsed by Senate and taken to the Board of Trustees will be available by March 2007. Senators also reviewed the fourth draft of the Technology Strategic Plan for the Macomb and Quad Cities campuses. Dr. Rives thanked Kathy Neumann, Hunt Dunlap and the members of the committee for their hard work developing the plan. He stated the intention is to implement state-of-the-art technology with increased speed and reliability. Dr. Rives pointed out that the email storage capacity of the campus has already been dramatically increased. He said that centralization of campus technology resources is planned, with a single website for technology issues  HYPERLINK "http://www.wiu.edu/universitytech" www.wiu.edu/universitytech already developed. The new website will eventually show users the status of email, campus servers, and HEAT tickets, as well as the planned integrated email calendaring system for the University. Dr. Rives told senators that demonstrations of the new academic calendaring system will be held on both the Macomb and Quad Cities campuses after Thanksgiving. He hopes that a contract for the new system can be negotiated in spring 2007, with conversion beginning over the summer so that parallel systems can run during the first part of the fall 2007 semester while training operators. The Technology Strategic Plan categorizes action goals as ongoing, short-term, mid-term, and long-term. When asked for clarification, Dr. Rives explained that short-term items are expected to be completed with the next 12 months, whereas mid-term projects should be completed in two to five years. One senator remarked that he is more concerned with the start dates, principally in regard to installing and upgrading hardware and software beyond Microsoft Office, which has been a particular problem for faculty. Concerns were also expressed about the level of service and support after consolidation of technology offices. Dr. Rives told senators that there are plans to bring a consultant to the University to talk about how technology can be structured to better support the academic environment. He noted that currently ϲʷ¼ does not have a designated classroom support management unit. Provost Rallo added that he has asked the deans for proposals on how technology resources should be reallocated after the consolidation to serve currently unmet academic needs. English and Journalism professor Bradley Dilger told Dr. Rives that the current strategic plan continues the status quo of one-way communication, with technology personnel telling technology users how things are going to be done. He said that academic needs of users need to be communicated to those making the decisions. Dr. Dilger also feels the Technology Strategic Plan may understate the problem. He told Dr. Rives that more radical change is needed than what is supported in the plan. In response, Dr. Rives pointed out that the Technology Advisory Group is made up primarily of end users, and asked that Dr. Dilger meet with him to discuss what radical changes he thinks should be included in the plan. He asserted that the Technology Strategic Plan will not be a status quo plan; Dr. Dilger remarked that he would like that exact sentence to be included in the document. When asked by a senator how he would envision users providing input to technology personnel, Dr. Dilger stated that he would like to see technology support staff sit in on classes to see what happens when faculty attempt to use technology in their classrooms and it fails, they turn to Plan B, and that fails, too. He added that communication should be inserted as the number one action goal for the Strategic Plan, and that service needs to be better defined. Dr. Dilger stated that he appreciates Dr. Rivess offer to meet with him to discuss concerns, but that this kind of communication needs to be regular, institutionalized, and a part of the technology culture of the University so that support is not portrayed, as currently, as users versus technology staff. One senator remarked that she does not have the language to adequately explain problems to technology support staff, and that sometimes it is simply a question of having a decent, easily-understandable set of directions to follow. The senator has seen students practice their presentation utilizing classroom technology on a Friday but not be able to make the same technology work on Monday, so having technology support staff visit classrooms at the beginning of the semester to see what is happening could really help. Another senator added that it would be nice to see the Strategic Plan reflect the fact that campus hardware and software should be reviewed and upgraded every two years. One senator noted that MVS is the clunkiest system to work with, and that persons staffing the main help desk number cannot answer MVS questions, which must be directed to another telephone number. When asked how the Strategic Plan was prioritized, Dr. Rives responded that the technology directors and the users group reviewed the drafts and asked what could be feasibly accomplished. Dr. Rives will ask both groups to think more about prioritizing the action goals because right now the case could be made that anything that is listed as short-term is high priority. One senator remarked that it would be better to prioritize by value than by feasibility. Dr. Rives stated that prioritization is input-based and invited senators to submit input as to how what they would like to see as priorities. Dr. Rives stated that he would return to Faculty Senate in the spring to see if the Technology Strategic Plan is meeting senators expectations, then will take it to other governance groups and finally to the BOT for approval. He also issued an open invitation to attend the Technology Users Group meetings, held the fourth Friday of the month at 3:00 p.m. in Horrabin Hall Room 1. 2. Chairperson Rock reminded senators that at the previous meeting, Senate endorsed the idea of a facilities forum to discuss campus building for the next five to ten years. The forum has been tentatively set for Monday, November 13 at 3:30 p.m. with the room to be announced. A formal announcement and additional details will be emailed to senators and other faculty. 3. Ulysses Tucker, Director of Annual Giving, has announced that the celebration for National Philanthropy Day has been cancelled, but the faculty/staff campaign for annual giving will still be kicked off on November 15. III. Reports Committees and Councils None IV. Old Business None V. New Business A. Discussion of the Foreign Language/Global Issues Requirement Chairperson Rock had earlier sent senators an email with some things that could be initially considered regarding the proposed requirement: 1. Does the Senate wish to recommend a foreign language/global issues (FLGI) requirement at all? If yes, should it be: a foreign language requirement; a global issues requirement; either/or requiring each college or department to decide which; both a foreign language and a global issues requirement. 2. Does the Senate wish to implement a requirement: in an incremental fashion, such as adding 3 s.h. to Gen Ed? as a pivotal change in the philosophy of education at ϲʷ¼ by making a major commitment to FLGI? His message points out that additional issues will also need to be decided, such as: whether the FLGI requirement(s) would go into Gen Ed or be a graduation requirement; whether maximum hours in majors need to be imposed; how many semesters would be necessary to fulfill a foreign language requirement; what level of courses would fulfill a global issues requirement. Senator Clontz stated that the College of Education and Human Services Faculty Council plans to meet on Friday to develop a unified response to Senate regarding the proposed requirement. He stated that the college does not want hours to be added to their majors, particularly Education, because their programs are already at their maximums in response to state mandates. Chairperson Rock stated that the College of Business and Technology has a strong preference to leave the decision up to each college or department. Senator Boynton agreed that there should be a decentralized decision, noting that there seems to be significant differences from department to department within the College of Arts and Sciences. She urged senators to consider what they want students to get from such a requirement and what its purpose should be when considering how significant of a change should be recommended. Provost Rallo reminded senators that their decisions on the requirement could be maintained on campus for ten to 15 years. The Provost stated his desire to get a sense of whether the Senate wishes for the change to be transformational or just another category for students to complete in their education. He added that if the change is to be transformational, that will lead the University in different ways in terms of resource allocations. Provost Rallo pointed out that the largest gift in the history of Western included a designation for internationalization, so there are donors who are willing to support a move in this direction. Chairperson Rock stated that the Dean of Libraries has expressed concerns about whether the current collection will support a FLGI requirement. Senator Allen added the Library has little to support a foreign language requirement, which would require additional books, databases, and possibly journals not currently available at ϲʷ¼. She stated the Library would be better equipped to support a global issues requirement since steps have already been taken to begin development of an international collection in anticipation of students wanting these items. Senator Allen concluded the Library does not have the capacity currently to provide the level of service necessary for a FLGI requirement and would need the funds to build a collection. Senator Shouse noted that it will be harder for some departments to internationalize their majors than for others, and that if the change is to be transformational, it will be a longer process to make it pervade the curriculum for every student. She noted that although students could be widely reached through a Gen Ed requirement, assuring that students are exposed to certain courses, it would not be transformational. Senator Boynton remarked she would be interested in learning how many students may already be meeting a possible FLGI Gen Ed requirement by taking a multi- or cross-cultural course, and how many are currently meeting the Humanities requirement by taking a foreign language. Provost Rallo was asked what kinds of information he received at the recent Education for a Borderless World conference. He stated the conference was not limited to educators but also included business leaders and company representatives. They indicated that the most important factors when assessing college graduates are 1) strong communication skills, 2) critical thinking, and 3) language and culture skills. Provost Rallo stated that his observations show that many or most students do not have exposure to and understanding of world issues. Andrew Lian, chair of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, stated that foreign language study can help provide an understanding of other cultures and peoples, and that proficiency in a foreign language can provide a different kind of interaction than is possible with English. Dr. Lian told senators the department is in favor of a foreign language requirement as a matter of principle because that is the kind of exposure that gives a different insight into the way that people relate to one another, leading to the growth of friendships and sympathetic understanding through the closeness that develops in conversation with native speakers. He added that proficiency can be accomplished by study abroad as well as by classroom instruction, and that it can be assessed through measurements developed by the American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages. He concluded that persons who have achieved an intermediate level of proficiency will have the tools for creating good relationships with other people, and promised that the department would collaborate with the University toward implementation of the final decision on the requirement. Senator Jelatis expressed her support for the decentralized model whereby departments or colleges can determine which requirement works best for their discipline. Senator Livingston-Webber pointed out that the College of Arts and Sciences has Gen Ed requirements beyond those required by the University so this type of model has already been applied. General Education Review Committee (GERC) chair Senator Shouse stated that structurally, once Senate determines the focus of the requirement, something can be built to meet that goal. Foreign Language/Global Issues Subcommittee chair John Miller pointed out that the subcommittee already determined goals for a FLGI requirement, which were distributed to faculty in campus mail shortly before surveying them on their opinions regarding such a requirement. Dr. Miller stated that the survey showed 70 percent of faculty believe that some requirement is important to students intellectual development, and 60 percent indicated that it was important to their majors. Senator Pettit noted that the three goals developed by the FLGI subcommittee are already being accomplished at Western and overlap explicitly with goals stated in Gen Ed. Dr. Miller responded that the goals were defined in the report from a global issues perspective. He added the subcommittee never came to a consensus as to whether a FLGI requirement should be transformative, Gen Ed or otherwise, since the group never felt comfortable that they represented enough faculty to answer this question. Senator Livingston-Webber remarked that the subcommittees goals and the survey results indicate that Senate should be considering something transformative, which suggests changes to Gen Ed as a first step. But she stated this would need to be reinforced and expanded upon beyond Gen Ed. Senator Jelatis stated that it is unclear what transformative means. She feels it should not be a collection of classes that are already taught which are then grouped together and called internationalized. Senator Jelatis envisions a transformative change as altering the curriculum to meet the stated goals. Senator Hironimus-Wendt told senators he envisions a transformative change as one that requires all ϲʷ¼ graduates to speak a foreign language. He said the real issue is whether Senate wants to accomplish something universally, which he outlined as three possible options: 1. a university requirement that all ϲʷ¼ graduates would achieve; 2. each institutional unit establishing a requirement, creating flexibility at the institutional level; or 3. asking each unit to consider establishing something, which Senator Hironimus-Wendt feels would be passing the buck. Senator Hironimus-Wendt stated that although he personally is in favor of a universal foreign language graduation requirement, he feels that the reality suggests that it would never pass. Instead, he believes that Senate should recommend that each instructional unit establish something to meet FLGI expectations, such as 3 s.h. of a foreign language or an approved global studies course. Dr. Miller pointed out that cultural changes within the University at-large should also contribute toward a transformative internationalization of the campus a broadening of study abroad, international speakers coming to campus, realignment of the Center for International Studies, and speakers brought in to address international topics. He noted that some of these are already present at ϲʷ¼ but should be emphasized more, which will lead to a trickle-down effect to the classrooms and infuse the University culture. Senator Miczo agreed that transformative internationalization must extend beyond curriculum, and said he favors a top-down approach so that it becomes something students carry with them beyond the classroom. He asked, however, what Western is willing to give up in order to gain greater internationalization, and remarked that he does not know what an internationalized classroom would look like. Senator Shouse stated that the Gen Ed multicultural category is quite broad, and students who have taken those classes often say they have never thought about those issues before, so those three hours for many people are transformational. Senator Shouse agreed that internationalization would involve more than adding a Gen Ed category, but she stated that adding a category and making requirements curricularly would be positive steps in this direction. Provost Rallo pointed out that this years University theme was one of global issues, and that Western ranks in the top 25 institutions nationally for comprehensive universities of our size in terms of students studying abroad. He added that internationalizing curriculum can be as easy as using an accounting case that is international rather than one that is domestic. He asked Faculty Senate to create the expectation of an international transformation of the campus because if the direction does not come from Faculty Senate, it will remain just conversations. Senator Ness stated that if the University is serious about a transformative internationalization, a specific requirement and a strong statement needs to be delivered. Womens Studies Chair Polly Radosh urged Faculty Senate to separate global issues and foreign language. She reminded senators that the entire discussion began when students in the College of Arts and Sciences approached their faculty council asking them to take some action to address what they saw as a difference between Western and other state institutions that required some sort of foreign language. Dr. Radosh stated that this is an entirely separate issue from internationalizing the curriculum and having some transformative emphasis on global studies. Dr. Radosh added that when she moved to Macomb 30 years ago, she was shocked at the low emphasis on foreign language study in the Midwest, a deficiency that can be addressed. When the COAS students approached the faculty council, she said they showed that 80 percent of students at Western already had some of the criteria for a foreign language requirement, so it would not overly burden the foreign language department. She compared a foreign language requirement to students having to take a certain political science class if they have not had the Constitution test in high school. Dr. Radosh stated that if students do not have the minimum requirement for a well-educated person to graduate from college, the University should take action, such as including the requirement in Gen Ed Humanities, which would not be a burden. She concluded that if Faculty Senate deals with the foreign language issue first, then it will be much easier to sort out the other issues in the long run. Dr. Radosh warned against compartmentalizing global issues and making it one class in the multicultural category because it is too important to students who will be moving out into the world. Senator Baker-Sperry stated that if the requirement is to be transformative, then departments or disciplines need to own it. She has noticed that students seem to identify more clearly with the majors they have chosen than with Gen Ed. Senator Baker-Sperry stated that she would approve foreign language becoming a graduation requirement, but that if it remains FLGI, then departments need to own and become invested in it. Senator Livingston-Webber stated she would like to see FL handled within the hours already allocated to Gen Ed and to see colleges required to deal with global issues. She stated that in this way, departments such as Computer Science could address the issue within their college rather than within their department. But she added that global issues is too vital of an initiative for the University to consider foreign language now and global issues later. Computer Science professor Marty Maskarinec, who serves on GERC and the FLGI subcommittee, urged senators to remember that there are a substantial number of departments whose body of knowledge is more universal and doesnt involve global issues as defined by the subcommittee. He stated that Computer Science, Mathematics, and most natural science majors do not have a place where a FLGI requirement fits well since, in a sense, these disciplines are already global because they are universal and apply equally everywhere. He also noted that Senate is talking about shrinking many majors while also possibly adding an additional requirement that would, effectively, expand them. Dr. Maskarinec stated this would put a lot of pressure on these disciplines, and what would be added would not directly relate to many majors. He concluded that since what is being added is knowledge that a generally educated person should possess, his recommendation would be for the requirement be part of Gen Ed. Senator Boynton noted that a model of departments determining how best to fulfill a University requirement is already present in WID courses. A committee determines whether the requirement is being fulfilled, each department must meet the requirement, but they can determine how best to do so sensibly in their own discipline. She suggested a similar method could be used for courses designated as meeting the GI requirement, and these could be part of Gen Ed as well. But Senator Clontz noted that in some cases, WID is only a paper requirement. He stated he would rather see it in Gen Ed, and reiterated that the COEHS dean would be very much against adding any more requirements to that college. Senator Brice asked which body would define or police the designated courses, and who would decide what constitutes a global issues course. Chairperson Rock responded this would depend on what type of requirement is determined. Senator Sonnek stated she would like to see a graduation requirement, and agreed that foreign language and global issues should be two separate issues. She added that she does not agree that the global issues transformation should be relegated to Gen Ed, and stated that if a global campus is to be developed, then everyone must take part in that, whether from an economic, political, scientific, or other viewpoint. Senator Pettit stated he favors letting either departments or colleges decide which foreign language or global issues requirement fits their needs since the colleges were so split on their preferences. He suggested that this could be considered a transitional step, and if Senate feels that there continues to be a need after each college has implemented one or the other, then adding the remaining requirement can be an easier step taken down the road. He pointed out that since 75 percent of those responding to the Gen Ed survey believe categories and hours are currently appropriate, Senate should avoid adding hours to Gen Ed and a graduation requirement would be more effective. Senator Bennett noted that if a global issues requirement is mandated, students would have to take something outside of Geology because a global issues Geology course would be so forced and contrived that students would see through it and faculty would not be able to support it, and he suspects that other natural sciences would react similarly. For this reason, Senator Bennett supports a Gen Ed requirement. Senator DeVolder stated that he would oppose a foreign language requirement for every ϲʷ¼ student and would not like to see one imposed upon his college. He stated that he would like to see more flexibility, giving students more choice than requiring just one thing, and prefers letting the colleges decide. Dr. Maskarinec stated that if the requirement is part of Gen Ed, colleges can still have a voice and guide their students to one choice or the other through advising. He said he would support a requirement being added to Gen Ed if it would not change the number of required hours. The question was raised whether students would be able to test out of a global issues requirement as they can test out of foreign language. Senator DeVolder remarked that if the majority of students test out of their foreign language requirement, then the University will not have accomplished anything. Senator Livingston-Webber noted that in past years, if a student proficiencied out of a class, they were not exempted from coursework but were given different requirements. Senator Hironimus-Wendt disagreed that if students proficiency out of a foreign language, it will not accomplish its intention because it would still show that every ϲʷ¼ graduate is proficient in a foreign culture. Senator Jelatis stated that she feels Faculty Senate has some responsibility to defer back to the surveys of faculty feelings regarding Gen Ed and FLGI. She pointed out that Senate is not an isolated body but represents faculty, and faculty have stated their opinions. She added that incremental steps might get the process moving. Senator Shouse noted that the Gen Ed survey showed that people are satisfied with the category structure but do not feel that that classes are meeting the goals of Gen Ed very well, which flabbergasted the members. She stated that GERC is looking at the surveys more as guidelines. In response to a question regarding SGAs position on the issue, student representative Jake Schneider responded that he would prefer to see one requirement or the other but would not like to see both imposed upon students. Mr. Schneider told senators that his decision to choose Western was based upon the fact that the University did not have a foreign language requirement. He stated that global issues really needs to be addressed because students do not have much idea what is going on beyond what they read in the Western Courier. He noted that some teachers do infuse global issues into their classrooms, and it really makes students step back and think. When asked if he feels a Gen Ed requirement would be as meaningful as a requirement within a students major, Mr. Schneider responded that a requirement would be more beneficial within the major because then it is applied. He said that many students think of Gen Ed as something to get a decent grade in and then get out of it. Senator Baker-Sperry agreed that in her experience, Gen Ed to many students is merely a check mark, and that if multiculturalism is to be infused across the campus, it needs to be housed in every department. Senator Boynton stated that having the requirement within majors does not necessarily exclude offering it within Gen Ed. She noted that even the universal departments must require their students to take Gen Ed courses, so they could require their majors to take certain Gen Ed courses that would give them that exposure. She stated this would allow students in majors that are already full and where the requirement is not directly relevant to the major to still be exposed to these concepts. Senator Clontz asked senators not to make any decisions until COEHS has had a chance to meet with all departments and present a unified response. Senator Ness stated he would not feel comfortable voting on a proposal until he sees a clear set of guidelines as to what a global issues course would require. Senator Livingston-Webber noted that if courses are designated as global issues, they would need to have a priority assigned to them for inclusion in other categories so that if a major wanted to meet a global issues requirement through taking certain Gen Ed courses, those Gen Ed courses would be available to them. Senator Shouse noted that structurally, Gen Ed could create another category for global issues or assign a G to any class that meets the definition of global issues. She remarked that a foreign language requirement would likely not be implemented for four years so that high schools could adjust to the change. Motion: To adjourn (Brice/Livingston-Webber) The Faculty Senate adjourned at 5:58 p.m. Jean Wolf, Secretary Annette Hamm, Faculty Senate Recording Secretary     PAGE  PAGE 9 3ABJKLMRUVYZ´|pbTI>h]hXVVCJaJh]haCJaJh]hki5CJ\aJh]hBM5CJ\aJhki5>*CJ\aJh^WZ56CJ\]aJhO56CJ\]aJh 56CJ\]aJha56CJ\]aJh.F56CJ\]aJhXVV56CJ\]aJhki56CJ\]aJhki6CJ]aJhki5CJ\aJhkiCJaJhkiB[\f   ^gd  & Fgd4y ^ gdLP  ^ `@&@&gdn$a$$@&a$@&    $ % + , - . 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